Democrats and Republicans clearly dislike one another. Yet, scholars debate whether policy
disagreement or partisan identity, per se, drives interparty animus. Past studies suggest the …

What does it take for women to win political office? This book uncovers a gendered
qualifications gap, showing that women need to be significantly more qualified than men to …

Abstract Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT) is an online labor market that is being used
increasingly often in the social sciences. This occurs despite significant questions regarding …

This introduction presents the special issue's conceptual and empirical starting points and
situates the special issue's intended contributions. It does so by reviewing extant scholarship …

This article conceptualises the production of foreign policy bullshit in electoral contexts as a
result of contending incentives towards ambiguity and specificity. Candidates must speak to …

A central theme emerging from recent research on party competition is that political actors
sometimes remain deliberately opaque in their communication. This phenomenon has been …

Uncertainty is ubiquitous in elections, and candidates and parties often intentionally create
uncertainty to benefit themselves. However, there is no consensus in existing research on …

Campaign advisors and political scientists have long acknowledged the benefits of
ambiguous position taking. We argue, however, that these benefits do not extend to black …

Previous research posits that constituents' evaluations of senators will vary over time
depending on if a senator is up for re-election or not. In order to test the effect of the Senate …

Work on candidate positioning suggests that ambiguous statements help candidates by
broadening their appeal and providing leeway to take different positions once in office …