The steroid hormones progestagens, estrogens, androgens, and glucocorticoids as well as
their precursor cholesterol are required for successful establishment and maintenance of …

Vitamin D, referring to the two forms, D2 from the diet and D3 primarily derived from
phototransformation in the skin, is a prohormone important in human health. The most …

Melatonin production is highly conserved in nature through different species including
bacteria, unicellular eukaryotes, algae, plants invertebrates, and vertebrates (Hardeland et …

We have previously described new pathways of vitamin D3 activation by CYP11A1 to
produce a variety of metabolites including 20 (OH) D3 and 20, 23 (OH) 2 D3. These can be …

CYP11A1, found only in vertebrates, catalyzes the first step of steroidogenesis where
cholesterol is converted to pregnenolone. The purified enzyme, also converts desmosterol …

Glucocorticoid synthesis is a complex, multistep process that starts with cholesterol being
delivered to the inner membrane of mitochondria by StAR and StAR-related proteins. Here …

RORα and RORγ are expressed in human skin cells that produce the noncalcemic 20-
hydroxyvitamin D 3 [20 (OH) D 3] and 20, 23-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 [20, 23 (OH) 2 D 3] …

Abstract The cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes first attracted interest because of their
relevance to the metabolism of drugs, steroids, and carcinogens. Collectively, the 57 human …

CYP11A1, a member of the cytochrome P450 family, plays several key roles in the human
body. It catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in steroidogenesis, converting cholesterol to …

In humans, the precursor to all steroid hormones, pregnenolone, is synthesized from
cholesterol by an enzyme complex comprising adrenodoxin reductase (AdR), adrenodoxin …