The field of psychiatry is hampered by a lack of robust, reliable and valid biomarkers that can
aid in objectively diagnosing patients and providing individualized treatment …

The excitation-inhibition (E/I) imbalance is an important molecular pathological feature of
major depressive disorder (MDD) as altered GABA and glutamate levels have been found in …

Highlights•Chronic stress, depression and inflammation have been consistently
linked.•Stress-induced inflammatory states can contribute to treatment resistance.•Ketamine …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex state-dependent psychiatric illness for which
biomarkers linking psychophysical, biochemical, and psychopathological changes remain …

Early life stress (ELS), characterized as abuse, neglect, and abandonment, can cause
several adverse consequences in the lives of affected individuals. ELS experiences can …

The Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (Glu) neurotransmitter systems are
implicated in depression. While previous studies found reduced GABA levels, and a …

Depression is among the most frequent psychiatric comorbid conditions in Alzheimer
disease (AD). However, pharmacotherapy for depressive disorders in AD is still a big …

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a powerful, non-invasive, quantitative imaging
technique that allows for the measurement of brain metabolites that has demonstrated utility …

Background Understanding the neurobiology underlying bipolar disorder (BD) versus major
depressive disorder (MDD) is crucial for accurate diagnosis and for driving the discovery of …

Introduction: In the current study, we used the Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT)
combined with an n-back component in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in …