The genetically encoded fluorescent sensors convert chemical and physical signals into
light. They are powerful tools for the visualisation of physiological processes in living cells …

The impact of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in molecular biology and drug discovery
has expanded dramatically in recent years. These simulations capture the behavior of …

Morphine and fentanyl are among the most used opioid drugs that confer analgesia and
unwanted side effects through both G protein and arrestin signaling pathways of μ-opioid …

Drugs targeting the μ-opioid receptor (μOR) are the most effective analgesics available but
are also associated with fatal respiratory depression through a pathway that remains …

Two-thirds of human hormones and one-third of clinical drugs activate~ 350 G-protein-
coupled receptors (GPCR) belonging to four classes: A, B1, C and F. Whereas a model of …

Class A G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) influence virtually every aspect of human
physiology. Understanding receptor activation mechanism is critical for discovering novel …

Opioids are effective analgesics, but their use is beset by serious side effects, including
addiction and respiratory depression, which contribute to the ongoing opioid crisis. The …

The κ-opioid receptor (KOR) has emerged as an attractive drug target for pain management
without addiction, and biased signaling through particular pathways of KOR may be key to …

Mu-opioid receptor (µOR) agonists such as fentanyl have long been used for pain
management, but are considered a major public health concern owing to their adverse side …

The μ-opioid receptor (μOR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and the target of most
clinically and recreationally used opioids. The induced positive effects of analgesia and …