Humans live in a 24-hour environment, in which light and darkness follow a diurnal pattern.
Our circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) in the hypothalamus, is …

Melatonin is a ubiquitous molecule present in almost every live being from bacteria to
humans. In vertebrates, besides being produced in peripheral tissues and acting as an …

Architectural lighting has potent biological effects but applied lighting practices that
capitalize on this potential have been limited. In this review, we endeavor to consolidate and …

Seasonality patterns are reported in various psychiatric disorders. The current paper
summarizes findings on brain adaptations associated with seasonal changes, factors that …

Daytime sleepiness, sleep deprivation, and irregular sleep schedules are highly prevalent
among college students, as 50% report daytime sleepiness and 70% attain insufficient …

Reduced exposure to daytime sunlight and increased exposure to electrical lighting at night
leads to late circadian and sleep timing [1–3]. We have previously shown that exposure to a …

The levels of several hormones fluctuate according to the light and dark cycle and are also
affected by sleep, feeding, and general behavior. The regulation and metabolism of several …

Background Chronic sleep debt is becoming increasingly common and affects millions of
people in more-developed countries. Sleep debt is currently believed to have no adverse …

Context: Millions of individuals habitually expose themselves to room light in the hours
before bedtime, yet the effects of this behavior on melatonin signaling are not well …

OBJECTIVE Short sleep duration is associated with impaired glucose tolerance and an
increased risk of diabetes. The effects of sleep restriction on insulin sensitivity have not been …