Aging of the brain can manifest itself as a memory and cognitive decline, which has been
shown to frequently coincide with changes in the structural plasticity of dendritic spines …

Extracellular vesicles are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membranous structures
comprising exosomes and microvesicles, which originate from the endosomal system or …

Beyond the consolidated role in degrading and recycling cellular waste, the autophagic-and
endo-lysosomal systems play a crucial role in extracellular release pathways. Lysosomal …

Alzheimer disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, mainly affecting older
people, which severely impairs patients' quality of life. In the recent years, the number of …

Apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death that plays a key role in both healthy and
pathological conditions, releases extracellular vesicles such as apoptotic bodies and …

The gradual deterioration of cognitive functions in Alzheimer's disease is paralleled by a
hierarchical progression of amyloid-beta and tau brain pathology. Recent findings indicate …

'Inflammaging'refers to the chronic, low-grade inflammation that characterizes aging.
Inflammaging is macrophage centered, involves several tissues and organs, including the …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by almost all cells. They contain proteins, lipids,
and nucleic acids which are delivered from the parent cells to the recipient cells. Thereby …

Through traditional medicine, there were diseases and disorders that previously remained
untreated or were simply thought to be incurable. Since the discovery of mesenchymal stem …

Abnormalities of the endosomal–lysosomal network (ELN) are a signature feature of
Alzheimer's disease (AD). These include the earliest known cytopathology that is specific to …