Thyroid eye disease is a complex inflammatory disorder of the orbit that has gained
tremendous interest over the past years, and numerous scientific efforts have been deployed …

Although the diagnosis of Graves' orbitopathy is primarily made clinically based on
laboratory tests indicative of thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity, imaging studies, such as …

Objectives To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the extraocular muscle volume index
at the orbital apex (AMI) and the signal intensity ratio (SIR) of the optic nerve in dysthyroid …

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: DON, a serious complication of GO, is frequently difficult to
diagnose clinically in its early stages because of confounding signs and symptoms of …

Diagnosis of dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) typically relies on a set of diagnostic clinical
features, including decreased visual acuity, impaired color vision, presence of relative …

Orbital pathologies can be broadly classified as ocular, extraocular soft-tissue (non-
neoplastic and neoplastic), osseous, and traumatic. In this paper, we discuss the key …

Background Dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) is one of the most serious visual loss threats
for patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). Barrett's index (BI) and intracranial-fat …

Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) affects up to 50% of patients with Graves' disease (GD)
ranging from mild ocular irritation to vision loss. The initial diagnosis is based on clinical …

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of orbital apex crowding volume measurements
calculated with multidetector-computed tomography to detect dysthyroid optic neuropathy …