Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing global health burden. Current treatments for
CKD include therapeutics to target factors that contribute to CKD progression, including …

Background Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics are three different supplements to treat
end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients by targeting gut bacteria. The comprehensive …

Indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS), protein-bound uremic toxins, exacerbate the
deterioration of renal function and increase the risk of cardiovascular events in chronic …

Background. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a main health problem associated with
increased risk of cardiovascular disease, morbidity, and mortality. Recent studies shown that …

Objective The current systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of
probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic administration on inflammation, metabolic parameters …

Background Determining whether microecological preparations, including probiotics,
prebiotics, and synbiotics, are beneficial for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has …

Dysbiosis of gut microbiota plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis and development
of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its complications. Natural products from plants and …

Uremic retention solutes, especially the protein-bound compounds, are toxic metabolites,
difficult to eliminate with progressive renal functional decline. They are of particular interest …

Abstract Purpose of Review Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is epidemic throughout the word.
Despite various novel therapeutic opportunities, CKD is still associated with high morbidity …

The most common kidney replacement therapy (KRT) worldwide is hemodialysis (HD), and
only 5%–10% of patients are prescribed peritoneal dialysis (PD) as KRT. Despite PD being …