A group of European experts was commissioned by the European Chapter of the
International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology to gather knowledge about the state of …

Direct current stimulation is a neuromodulatory noninvasive brain stimulation tool, which
was first introduced in animal and human experiments in the 1950s, and added to the …

Key points• Application of 2 mA cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation for 20 min
results in cortical excitability enhancement instead of inhibition.• Longer or more intensive …

Non-invasive transcranial brain stimulation (NTBS) techniques such as transcranial
magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial current stimulation (TCS) are important tools in …

This article reviews studies demonstrating enhancement with transcranial direct current
stimulation (tDCS) of attention, learning, and memory processes in healthy adults. Given that …

Weak transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with a homogenous DC field at
intensities of around 1 mA induces long-lasting changes in the brain. tDCS can be used to …

Backgrounds: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain
stimulation technique for the treatment of several psychiatric disorders, eg, mood disorders …

An organizing principle which has recently emerged proposes that executive functions (EF)
can be divided into cognitive (cold) and affective/reward-related (hot) processes related to …

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been proposed for experimental and
therapeutic modulation of regional brain function. Specifically, anodal tDCS of the …

Non-invasive brain stimulation with weak direct currents (transcranial direct current
stimulation (tDCS)) has emerged as one of the major tools to induce neuroplastic cortical …