Membrane technologies have been widely applied in water treatment, wastewater
reclamation and seawater desalination. Feed spacer present in spiral wound membrane …

The robustness, reliability and efficiency of modern numerical methods for obtaining
solutions to flow problems have given rise to the adoption of Computational Fluid Dynamics …

Applications of membrane technology in water desalination and wastewater treatment have
increased significantly in the past few decades due to its many advantages over other water …

A systematic study is presented on the effect of both Reynolds (Re) and Schmidt (Sc)
numbers on Sherwood (Sh) number, for narrow channels with spacers, closely simulating …

A major problem for the operation of membrane based water treatment systems is fouling of
the membrane surface. Within industrial modules, such as spiral wound modules, feed …

Spiral-wound membrane (SWM) modules are the most common membrane configuration
utilized in reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration. The enhancement of SWM module …

Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) is a promising technology for extracting renewable salinity-
gradient energy. However, its performance can be significantly influenced by membrane …

Feed spacers are used in spiral wound reverse osmosis (RO) membrane modules to keep
the membrane sheets apart as well as to enhance mixing. They are beneficial to membrane …

Maximizing mass transfer and minimizing hydraulic losses in spiral wound elements is
critical for designing effective and efficient reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) …

This study presents a new three-dimensional (3-d) computational model that couples fluid
dynamics, solutes transport and biofouling by biofilm formation in NF and RO membrane …