Interleukins (IL)-4 and-13 play a pivotal role in the pathobiology of type-2 asthma. Indeed, IL-
4 is crucially involved in Th2 cell differentiation, immunoglobulin (Ig) class switching and …

Food allergy affects more than 500 million people in the world, and its prevalence is
increasing at an alarming rate causing serious public health concerns; however, prevention …

Increasing attention has been paid to the potential impact of microplastics (MPs) pollution on
human health. MPs and phthalates coexist in the environment, however, the effects of …

Background Breast cancer is a complex disease with a highly immunosuppressive tumor
microenvironment, and has limited clinical response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) …

The hygiene hypothesis has been popularized as an explanation for the rapid increase in
allergic disease observed over the past 50 years. Subsequent epidemiological studies have …

Asthma and nasal polyposis often coexist and are frequently intertwined by tight pathogenic
links, mainly consisting of the cellular and molecular pathways underpinning type 2 airway …

One of the important adverse impacts of climate change on human health is increases in
allergic respiratory diseases such as allergic rhinitis and asthma. This impact is via the …

The term “allergic diseases” encompasses several common, IgE-mediated conditions that
range from being annoying to those that are life-threatening. Available treatments include …

Asthma is a multifactorial disorder characterized by the airway chronic inflammation, hyper-
responsiveness (AHR), remodeling, and reversible obstruction. Although asthma is known …

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by variable airflow
obstruction, bronchial hyper-responsiveness, and airway inflammation. The chronic …