Ginsenosides are a series of glycosylated triterpenoids which belong to protopanaxadiol
(PPD)-, protopanaxatriol (PPT)-, ocotillol (OCT)-and oleanane (OA)-type saponins known as …

Over 8000 different flavonoids have been described and a considerable number of new
flavonoid structures are being elucidated every year. The advent of metabolomics alongside …

Tropane alkaloids from nightshade plants are neurotransmitter inhibitors that are used for
treating neuromuscular disorders and are classified as essential medicines by the World …

Plants protect themselves with a vast array of toxic secondary metabolites, yet most plants
serve as food for insects. The evolutionary processes that allow herbivorous insects to resist …

Triterpenoids are among the most assorted class of specialized metabolites found in all the
taxa of living organisms. Triterpenoids are the leading active ingredients sourced from plant …

Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are natural flavan-3-ol polymers that contribute protection to plants
under biotic and abiotic stress, benefits to human health, and bitterness and astringency to …

Covering: Up to 2019 Phenolic cross-links and phenolic inter-unit linkages result from the
oxidative coupling of two hydroxycinnamates or two molecules of tyrosine. Free dimers of …

Carrageenan and carrageenan oligosaccharides are red seaweed sulfated carbohydrates
with well-known antiviral properties, mainly through the blocking of the viral attachment …

Flavor‐associated volatile chemicals make major contributions to consumers' perception of
fruits. Although great progress has been made in establishing the metabolic pathways …

The contributions of many polyphenols other than catechins and flavonols to the astringency
of tea are often neglected. Here, the contributions of polyphenols were assessed through …