Average nitrogen (N) deposition across Europe has declined since the 1990s. This resulted
in decreased N inputs to forest ecosystems especially in Central and Western Europe where …

In recent decades, atmospheric emissions from industrial enterprises have been reduced in
many countries, which makes it possible to analyze the patterns of ecosystem recovery. The …

This study investigated the factors underlying the variability of needle and soil elemental
composition and stoichiometry and their relationships with growth in Pinus sylvestris forests …

Since the 1990s, the emission of pollutants was reduced in a majority of Polish and
developing country factories whereas the level of energy production was similar to that prior …

This study reports the variation of tree-ring widths and annual variation of concentration of
metals (Na, Mg, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb) in pine growing nearby chemical factories. The conifers …

Trees can be used as archives of changes in the environment. In this paper, we present the
results of the analysis of the impact of water stress and increase in air temperature on BAI …

Key message The relict pine forests have a considerable regenerative capacity after the
reduction of heavy air pollution load; nevertheless, tree data clearly reflect the climate and …

In a context of global change, climate impacts can trigger defoliation processes in different
forest species. The ICP Forests network estimates the level of forest defoliation over time in …

Global changes occurring under different environmental conditions have changed stand
competition, as well as nutrient and light availability, which has resulted in changes in …

The vitality of forests depends on multiple biotic and abiotic stresses that can act in an
interactive way. Tree defoliation levels are therefore subject to long-term changes and …