The need for chemical reaction equilibrium calculations arises frequently in biomass
gasification modeling and in many other fields. The two main formulations are the …

Advances in the use, production and understanding of peat are detailed for the past decade.
There has been a renewed interest in the use of peat not only as a fuel but as a basic raw …

Individual and co-liquefaction of lignite and sawdust (CLLS) under syngas was performed in
an autoclave and the effects of temperature, initial syngas pressure, reaction time and ratio …

Several different direct thermochemical biomass conversion processes are compared based
on the results of an experimental program using standard wood and peat feedstocks. The …

Oils have been produced thermochemically from the following lignocellulosic materials by
applying constant hydrogenolytic conditions in an aqueous phase with palladium as …

Poplar wood, when heated rapidly (70‐90 s) in water to 350° C and quenched, yields oil in
55 per cent mass yield. Approximately 75 per cent of the wood carbon and hydrogen is …

The catalytic activity of several iron additives was studied during the liquefaction of poplar
wood suspended in water at 340° C. Iron powder gave good oil yields of∼ 40%. The iron …

Sugar cane bagasse is available in large quantities in Brazil. Its liquefaction with formate
inert gas and base CO in water is studied. The formate inert gas system is the most effective …

The thesis concerns aspects of methods for increased use of alternative fuels.
Heterogeneous oligomerization of alkenes to produce mainly fuels and lubricants is also …

Stillage from ethanolic fermentation of barley was converted directly into liquid fuel (primary
oil) in the presence of sodium carbonate as a catalyst. The primary oil with a heating value of …