Abstract Structure and function are highly correlated in the vertebrate retina, a sensory tissue
that is organized into cell layers with microcircuits working in parallel and together to encode …

Opsins are the universal photoreceptor molecules of all visual systems in the animal
kingdom. They can change their conformation from a resting state to a signalling state upon …

Cone photoreceptors mediate our daytime vision and function under bright and rapidly-
changing light conditions. As their visual pigment is destroyed in the process of …

A variety of animal species utilize the ultraviolet (UV) component of sunlight as their
environmental cues, whereas physiological roles of UV photoreception in mammals …

The light responses of rod and cone photoreceptors have been studied
electrophysiologically for decades, largely with ex vivo approaches that disrupt the …

Activation of the visual pigment by light in rod and cone photoreceptors initiates our visual
perception. As a result, the signaling properties of visual pigments, consisting of a protein …

Cetaceans are fully aquatic mammals that descended from terrestrial ancestors, an iconic
evolutionary transition characterized by adaptations for underwater foraging via breath-hold …

Introduction: Stargardt macular dystrophy (STGD1) is a hereditary retinal degeneration that
lacks effective treatment options. Gene therapy, stem cell therapy, and pharmacotherapy …

Animals have evolved light-sensitive G protein–coupled receptors, known as opsins, to
detect coherent and ambient light for visual and nonvisual functions. These opsins have …

The prevalence of myopia has been steadily increasing for several decades, and this
condition can cause extensive medical and economic issues in society. Exposure to violet …