Recently, open-domain question-answering systems have achieved tremendous progress
because of developments in large language models (LLMs), and have successfully been …

Generative AI including large language models (LLMs) has recently gained significant
interest in the geoscience community through its versatile task‐solving capabilities including …

This paper describes a method and technology for processing natural language texts and
extracting data from the text that correspond to the semantics of an ontological model. The …

Current artificial intelligence (AI) approaches to handle geographic information (GI) reveal a
fatal blindness for the information practices of exactly those sciences whose methodological …

There is an increasing trend of applying AIbased automated methods to geoscience
problems. An important example is a geographic question answering (geoQA) focused on …

The concept of validity is a cornerstone of science. Given this central role, it is somewhat
surprising to find that validity remains a rather obscure concept. Unfortunately, the term is …

Transformations are essential for dealing with geographic information. They are involved not
only in converting between geodata formats and reference systems, but also in turning …

This study discusses the analysis of grammar structure in thesis abstracts of nursing
program students at the Ngudia Husada Madura Student of Health Sciences (STIKES). The …

Named Entity Recognition (NER) is an important process of NLP systems for relation
extraction, information retrieval and machine translation. Although various NER systems …

An immense pull of data led to the growth of the QA (Question Answering) system. With the
growth of comprehensive QA systems, KBQA (QA over Knowledge Base) demonstrates an …