Diabetic retinopathy (DR), with increasing incidence, is the major cause of vision loss and
blindness worldwide in working-age adults. Diabetic macular edema (DME) remains the …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness. It has long been regarded as
vascular disease, but work in the past years has shown abnormalities also in the neural …

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by inappropriate
hyperglycemia due to lack of or resistance to insulin. Patients with DM are frequently afflicted …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes and
the leading cause of visual impairment in the working-age population in the Western world …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common irreversible ocular disease
characterized by vision impairment among older people. Many risk factors are related to …

Accumulating evidence suggests that photoreceptor cells play a previously unappreciated
role in the development of early stages of diabetic retinopathy, but the mechanism by which …

Many retinal diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and age-related macular
(AMD) degeneration, are associated with elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels …

For many years, oxidative stress arising from the ubiquitous production of reactive oxygen
species (ROS) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various eye diseases. While …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) impairs vision of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes,
associated with vascular dysfunction and occlusion, retinal edema, hemorrhage, and …

Diabetes predominantly affects the microvascular circulation of the retina resulting in a
range of structural changes unique to this tissue. These changes ultimately lead to altered …