Compulsive drug seeking that is associated with addiction is hypothesized to follow a
heuristic framework that involves three stages (binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect …

Investigations of long-term changes in brain structure and function that accompany chronic
exposure to drugs of abuse suggest that alterations in gene regulation contribute …

Problematic alcohol use (PAU), a trait that combines alcohol use disorder and alcohol-
related problems assessed with a questionnaire, is a leading cause of death and morbidity …

Causation is everywhere in the world: it features in every science and technology. But how
much do we truly understand it? Do we know what it means to say that one thing is a cause …

This review provides an overview of an animal model of binge-like ethanol drinking that has
come to be called “drinking in the dark”(DID), a procedure that promotes high levels of …

Alcohol consumption is an integral part of daily life in many societies. The benefits
associated with the production, sale, and use of alcoholic beverages come at an enormous …

Though there are multiple routes through which parents can influence their offspring, recent
studies of environmentally induced epigenetic variation have highlighted the role of non …

Over the past decade, it has become increasingly obvious that epigenetic mechanisms are
an integral part of a multitude of brain functions that range from the development of the …

Studies over the last decade demonstrate that adolescence is a brain maturation period from
childhood to adulthood. Plastic and dynamic processes drive adolescent brain development …

Highlights•Chronic drug use alters the epigenetic state of neurons and other cell types within
brain reward regions.•Epigenetic adaptations are correlated with addiction, but their causal …