The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions as a quality-control organelle for protein
homeostasis, or “proteostasis”. The protein quality control systems involve ER-associated …

Inherited mutations in the rod visual pigment, rhodopsin, cause the degenerative blinding
condition, retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Over 150 different mutations in rhodopsin have been …

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy.
Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest intracellular organelle carrying out a broad
range of important cellular functions including protein biosynthesis, folding, and trafficking …

Background The retina, as part of the central nervous system (CNS) with limited capacity for
self-reparation and regeneration in mammals, is under cumulative environmental stress due …

The human eye is the organ that is able to react to light in order to provide sharp three‐
dimensional and colored images. Unfortunately, the health of the eye can be impacted by …

Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are a large group of genetically and clinically
heterogeneous diseases characterized by the progressive degeneration of the retina …

Mutations in rhodopsin, the light-sensitive protein of rod cells, are the most common cause of
dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a type of inherited blindness caused by the dysfunction …

Activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ER stress response, also known as
the unfolded protein response (UPR), is common to various degenerative disorders …

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is one of the most common clinical subtypes of retinal
degeneration (RD), and it is a neurodegenerative disease that could cause complete …