Under physiological conditions, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is present at low levels in the
extracellular milieu, being massively released by stressed or dying cells. Once outside the …

Damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are intracellular molecules released from
infected or injured cells to activate inflammatory and reparatory responses. One of the most …

This review article provides a historical perspective on the role of purinergic signalling in the
regulation of various subsets of immune cells from early discoveries to current …

The intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii has long provided a tractable experimental
system to investigate how the immune system deals with intracellular infections. This review …

The high societal and individual cost of schizophrenia necessitates finding better, more
effective treatment, diagnosis, and prevention strategies. One of the obstacles in this …

Macrophages are mononuclear phagocytes which derive either from blood-borne
monocytes or reside as resident macrophages in peripheral (Kupffer cells of the liver …

The obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii is able to infect nearly all nucleated
cell types of warm-blooded animals. This is achieved through the injection of hundreds of …

Induction of immunity that limits Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice is critically dependent
on the activation of the innate immune response. In this study, we investigated the role of …

Toxoplasma gondii is an exceptionally successful parasite that infects a very broad host
range, including humans, across the globe. The outcome of infection differs remarkably …

The mechanisms of chronic infections caused by opportunistic pathogens are of keen
interest to both researchers and health professionals globally. Typically, chronic infectious …