The visual system offers unparalleled precision in the assessment of neuroaxonal damage.
With the majority of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) experiencing afferent and efferent …

Paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) is a recently identified spectral-domain
optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) finding characterized by a hyper-reflective band …

Background and Objectives To determine optic nerve and retinal damage in aquaporin-4
antibody (AQP4-IgG)-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) in a …

There is no consensus regarding the classification of optic neuritis, and precise diagnostic
criteria are not available. This reality means that the diagnosis of disorders that have optic …

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technology, which may be
used to generate in vivo quantitative and qualitative measures of retinal structure. In terms of …

Objective To investigate the association of combined serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL)
and retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements with future disease activity …

Artificial intelligence (AI)‐based diagnostic algorithms have achieved ambitious aims
through automated image pattern recognition. For neurological disorders, this includes …

As an anatomical extension of the brain, the retina of the eye is synaptically connected to the
visual cortex, establishing physiological connections between the eye and the brain. Despite …

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) abnormalities occur in multiple
sclerosis (MS) over the course of the disease. OCTA investigations at early MS stages are …

Understanding the mechanisms underlying progression and developing new treatments for
progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) are among the major challenges in the field of central …