Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) the most prevalent metabolic disease that has evolved into
a major public health issue. Concerning about its secondary complications, a growing body …

Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disease, and its prevalence is increasing. A
growing body of evidence, both in animal models and epidemiological studies, has …

Abstract Aims/Hypothesis Irisin is a novel, myocyte secreted, hormone that has been
proposed to mediate the beneficial effects of exercise on metabolism. Irisin is expressed, at …

Skeletal muscle has recently been recognised as an endocrine organ that not only contains
metabolically important molecules, the expression of which alters metabolism, but also …

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease
in industrialized countries. The increasing prevalence of NAFLD mirrors the outbreak of …

Leptin, a peptide hormone secreted by adipocytes, plays a central role in controlling appetite
and weight in both rodents and humans. Basic science and clinical research suggest that …

The corticospinal tract (CST) can become damaged after spinal cord injury or stroke,
resulting in weakness or paralysis. Repair of the damaged CST is limited because mature …

Background Glutamate excitotoxicity and cyclic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) are
both recognized as important mediators in neurodegenerative disorders including …

Olfactory dysfunction is often accompanied with anxiety-and depressive-like behaviors in
depressive patients. Impaired neurogenesis in hippocampus and subventricular zone (SVZ) …

Currently, it is controversially discussed whether a relationship between obesity and
cognition exists. We here analyzed a mouse model of obesity (leptin-deficient mice) to study …