Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), an aggressive malignancy, is
characterized by high morbidity and low survival rates with limited therapeutic options …

The role and importance of neutrophils in cancer has become increasingly apparent over
the past decade. Neutrophils accumulate in the peripheral blood of patients with cancer …

The emergence of immunotherapy has been an astounding breakthrough in cancer
treatments. In particular, immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeting PD-1 and CTLA-4, have …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) influences tumor growth, metastatic spread and
response to treatment. Often immunosuppression, mediated by the TME, impairs a beneficial …

Despite the remarkable success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in melanoma
treatment, resistance to them remains a substantial clinical challenge. Myeloid-derived …

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of cells
generated during a large array of pathologic conditions ranging from cancer to obesity …

Cells release membrane enclosed nano-sized vesicles termed extracellular vesicles (EVs)
that function as mediators of intercellular communication by transferring biological …

The immune system functions in a sexually dimorphic manner, with females exhibiting more
robust immune responses than males. However, how female sex hormones affect immune …

The immune system has many sophisticated mechanisms to balance an extensive immune
response. Distinct immunosuppressive cells could protect from excessive tissue damage …

The link between cancer metabolism and immunosuppression, inflammation and immune
escape has generated major interest in investigating the effects of low pH on tumor …