The atmosphere of the Archean eon—one-third of Earth's history—is important for
understanding the evolution of our planet and Earth-like exoplanets. New geological proxies …

Natural proteins are often only slightly more stable in the native state than the denatured
state, and an increase in environmental temperature can easily shift the balance toward …

The early Earth's environment is controversial. Climatic estimates range from hot to glacial,
and inferred marine pH spans strongly alkaline to acidic. Better understanding of early …

The advent of laboratory directed evolution yielded a fruitful crosstalk between the
disciplines of molecular evolution and bio-engineering. Here, we outline recent …

The origin and evolution of Earth's biosphere were shaped by the physical and chemical
histories of the oceans. Marine chemical sediments and altered oceanic crust preserve a …

Many habitable zone (HZ) exoplanets are expected to form with water mass fractions higher
than that of the Earth. For rocky exoplanets with 10–1000× Earth's H 2 O but without H 2, we …

Enzymes have high catalytic efficiency and low environmental impact, and are therefore
potentially useful tools for various industrial processes. Crucially, however, natural enzymes …

The year 2019 marks the 80th anniversary of the 1939 Nobel Prize in Chemistry awarded to
Leopold Ruzicka (1887–1976) for work on higher terpene molecular structures, including …

New materials' synthesis and utilization have shown many critical challenges in healthcare
and other industrial sectors as most of these materials are directly or indirectly developed …

Highlights•Ancestral environments likely differed from the environments hosting modern
proteins.•Resurrected ancestral protein often display unusual properties and …