In addition to using glutamate as a neurotransmitter at central synapses, many primary
sensory neurons release glutamate from peripheral terminals. Primary sensory neurons with …

Chronic primary orofacial pain (OFP) conditions such as painful temporomandibular
disorders (pTMDs; ie, myofascial pain and arthralgia), idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (TN) …

The mechanism by which intramuscular injection of BoNTA into the craniofacial muscles
decreases migraine headaches is not known. In a blinded study, the effect of BoNTA on the …

α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid–type (AMPA-type) glutamate
receptors (AMPARs) play an important role in plasticity at central synapses. Although there …

Musculoskeletal pain conditions, particularly those associated with temporomandibular
disorders (TMD) affect a large percentage of the population. Identifying mechanisms …

Glutamate is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. In the
periphery, glutamate acts as a transmitter and involves in the signaling and processing of …

Acute physiological pain, the unpleasant sensory response to a noxious stimulus, is
essential for animals and humans to avoid potential injury. Pathological pain that persists …

Background Although the role of glutamate in migraine pathogenesis remains uncertain,
there has been significant interest in the development of drug candidates that target …

The ionotropic glutamate receptors comprise members of the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate),
AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazoleproprionic acid) and kainate receptor …

Ingestion of monosodium glutamate (MSG) causes headache, nausea, and craniofacial
tenderness in healthy individuals. The present study explored whether MSG produces …