Adaptive radiation is the likely source of much of the ecological and morphological diversity
of life,,–. How adaptive radiations proceed and what determines their extent remains unclear …

Understanding the processes that drive phenotypic diversification and underpin speciation
is key to elucidating how biodiversity has evolved. Although these processes have been …

Abstract Changes in gene expression play a fundamental role in phenotypic evolution.
Transcriptome evolutionary dynamics have so far mainly been compared among distantly …

Sex chromosomes are common features of animal genomes, often carrying a sex
determination gene responsible for initiating the development of sexually dimorphic traits …

For many vertebrates, a single genetic locus initiates a cascade of developmental sex
differences in the gonad and throughout the organism, resulting in adults with two …

Evolutionary innovations can facilitate diversification if the novel trait enables a lineage to
exploit new niches or by expanding character space. The elaborate pharyngeal jaw …

The evolution of sexual dimorphism is widely acknowledged as a manifestation of sex-
specific genetic architecture. Although empirical studies suggested that sexual dimorphism …

Ecological character displacement between the sexes, and sexual selection, integrate into a
convergent set of factors that produce sexual variation. Ecologically modulated, sexually …

Sexes often differ more obviously in secondary sexual characteristics than in traits that
appear naturally selected, despite conceivable benefits to intersexual niche partitioning …

New Zealand's endangered mountain parrot, the Kea (Nestor notabilis), exhibits moderate
male-biased sexual size dimorphism in linear body measurements (~ 5%) and a …