The observation that heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is associated with elevated
circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines opened a new area of research that has …

It has long been observed that heart failure (HF) is associated with measures of systemic
inflammation. In recent years, there have been significant advancements in our …

Advances in our understanding of how the gut microbiota contributes to human health and
diseases have expanded our insight into how microbial composition and function affect the …

Cardiac injury remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite
significant advances, a full understanding of why the heart fails to fully recover function after …

Background Persistent inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases
such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Aims The aim …

Background: Subclinical inflammation is associated with an increased risk of heart failure
and with adverse prognosis in patients with established heart failure. Yet, treatments …

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) develops when cardiac output falls as a
result of cardiac injury. The most well-recognized of the compensatory homeostatic …

As a greater proportion of patients survive their initial cardiac insult, medical systems
worldwide are being faced with an ever-growing need to understand the mechanisms …

Elevated levels of inflammatory mediators have been identified in patients with heart failure,
including heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction, as well as acute …

Both oxidative stress and inflammation are enhanced in chronic heart failure. Dysfunction of
cardiac mitochondria is a hallmark of heart failure and a leading cause of oxidative stress …