Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis
and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in …

The circuitry of the human brain is formed by neuronal networks embedded into astroglial
syncytia. The astrocytes perform numerous functions, providing for the overall brain …

When a behavior repeatedly fails to achieve its goal, animals often give up and become
passive, which can be strategic for preserving energy or regrouping between attempts. It is …

Amyloid plaques and tau tangles are common pathological hallmarks for Alzheimer's
disease (AD); however, reducing Aβ production failed to relieve the symptoms of AD …

GABA is assumed to function in brain only as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Here we report
a much broader CNS role. We show that human astrocytes are GABAergic cells, and that …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with major clinical hallmarks of
memory loss, dementia, and cognitive impairment. Neuroinflammation is involved in the …

Neuroglial cells are fundamental for control of brain homeostasis and they represent the
intrinsic brain defence system. All forms in neuropathology therefore inevitably involve glia …

Synaptic regulation of the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is
essential for brain function. Cerebral GABA homeostasis is tightly regulated through multiple …

The imbalance between glutamate and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) results in the loss of
synaptic strength leading to neurodegeneration. The dogma on the field considered neurons …

Microglia, the resident macrophages in the central nervous system, express receptors for
classical neurotransmitters, such as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate, suggesting …