BACKGROUND Modern reproductive behavior in most developed countries is characterized
by delayed parenthood. Older gametes are generally less fertile, accumulating and …

With the growing problem of the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the search for
alternative ways to combat bacterial infections is extremely urgent. While analyzing the effect …

Defensins are small, multifunctional cationic peptides. They typically contain six conserved
cysteines whose three intramolecular disulfides stabilize a largely β‐sheet structure. This …

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are found widely distributed through Nature, and participate
in the innate host defense of each species. Fish are a great source of these peptides, as they …

Defensins comprise one of the largest groups of host defence peptides, present throughout
evolution, in fungi and flowering plants as well as in invertebrates and vertebrates. These …

Aegle marmelos or bael has been known from prehistoric times in India with mythological
importance. Each part of the tree like root, bark, fruit, leaf, and flower has therapeutic …

BACKGROUND Reproductive tract infection is an important factor leading to male and
female infertility. Among female infertility factors, microbial and viral infections are the main …

Mammalian spermatozoa are coated with a thick glycocalyx that is assembled during sperm
development, maturation, and upon contact with seminal fluid. The sperm glycocalyx is …

Sperm selection in the female reproductive tract (FRT) is sophisticated. Only about 1,000
sperm out of millions in an ejaculate reach the fallopian tube and thus have a chance of …

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are molecules that provide protection against environmental
pathogens, acting against a large number of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi …