Purpose To evaluate if music characteristics like tempo, harmony, melody, instrumentation,
volume, and pitch, as defined by musical theory, are described in randomized clinical trials …

Background: Colonoscopy related fear impairs the current gold standard screening of
colorectal cancer. Compared to other minimally invasive procedures for cancer screening …

Background The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of virtual reality application during
a colonoscopy on the pain and anxiety experienced by patients. Methods The study was …

Background and purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of music therapy on pain,
anxiety, and patient comfort during colonoscopy. Materials and methods This is a …

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an easy listening music
intervention on satisfaction, anxiety, pain, sedative and analgesic medication requirements …

Epidemic increases in opioid use in the USA and globally highlight the need for effective
adjunctive therapies to opioid-based analgesia. Given the shortcomings of behavioral …

Background Pain is a contributing factor to the low compliance rate for performing a
colonoscopy on screening for colorectal cancer. Purpose This meta-analysis aimed to …

Background Emergency physicians face the challenge of relieving acute pain daily. While
opioids are a potent treatment for pain, the opioid epidemic has ignited a search for …

Pain associated with fistula cannulation is a challenge for nurses who provide care to older
patients undergoing hemodialysis. Several non-pharmacological methods have been …

Colonoscopy is a painful procedure that causes anxiety and changes in vital signs. Pain and
anxiety may cause patients to avoid colonoscopy, which is a preventive and curative …