Background/objectives Over the last ten years, an increasing number of authors have used
the theta burst stimulation (TBS) protocol to investigate long-term potentiation (LTP) and …

Work over the past 2 decades has led to substantial changes in our understanding of
dystonia pathophysiology. Three general abnormalities appear to underlie the …

Noninvasive brain stimulation has been demonstrated to modulate cortical activity in
humans. In particular, theta burst stimulation (TBS) has gained notable attention due to its …

Movement disorders, which include disorders such as Parkinson's disease, dystonia,
Tourette's syndrome, restless legs syndrome, and akathisia, have traditionally been …

Background In the past decade research has shown that continuous (cTBS) and intermittent
theta burst stimulation (iTBS) alter neuronal excitability levels in the primary motor cortex …

Homeostatic plasticity is thought to stabilize neural activity around a set point within a
physiologically reasonable dynamic range. Over the last ten years, a wide range of non …

Dystonia is characterized by the presence of involuntary muscle contractions that cause
abnormal movements and posture. Adult onset focal dystonia include cervical dystonia …

Dystonia is generally regarded as a disorder of the basal ganglia and their efferent
connections to the thalamus and brainstem, but an important role of cerebellar-thalamo …

The original protocol of Paired Associative Stimulation (PAS) in humans implies repetitive
cortical and peripheral nerve stimuli, delivered at specific inter-stimulus intervals, able to …

A large body of evidence points to a role of basal ganglia dysfunction in the pathophysiology
of dystonia, but recent studies indicate that cerebellar dysfunction may also be involved. The …