Summary The WHO Global Health Sector Strategy and hepatitis regional action plan for the
WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) proposed strategic directions for countries to …

Background Vertical transmission is the predominant route for acquisition of HIV infection in
children, either in utero, intrapartum or postnatally through breast feeding. Less frequently …

Background Digital health is well-positioned in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) to
revolutionize health care due, in part, to increasing mobile phone access and internet …

Background Antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectiveness is compromised by the emergence of
HIV drug resistance mutations (DRM) and can lead to the failure of ART. Apart from intrinsic …

(1) Background: CMV and EBV co-infections can affect the HIV disease progression by
modulating the immune system. The disease dynamics can differ in HIV-positive adults and …

Background Pakistan has a high hepatitis burden for both hepatitis C virus (HCV) and
hepatitis B virus (HBV). To achieve World Health Organization (WHO) 2030 targets for …

To achieve this ambitious goal, 90% of all patients with hepatitis C must be diagnosed in a
timely fashion and about 80% of all eligible patients must be treated with direct-acting …

Introduction In April 2019, an HIV-1 outbreak among children occurred in Larkana, Pakistan,
affecting more than a thousand children. It was assumed that the outbreak originated from a …

There are an estimated 2,000 children with β-thalassemia in the province Baluchistan of
Pakistan. These children are at high risk of acquiring transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) …

In countries with high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence, up to 30% of
pregnant women are living with HIV, with fetal exposure to both HIV and antiretroviral …