SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitors produce a distinctive pattern of benefits
on the evolution and progression of cardiomyopathy and nephropathy, which is …

Alterations in cardiac energy metabolism contribute to the severity of heart failure. However,
the energy metabolic changes that occur in heart failure are complex and are dependent not …

Obesity is a complex, chronic disease and global public health challenge. Characterized by
excessive fat accumulation in the body, obesity sharply increases the risk of several …

Aims Sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 inhibition reduces the risk of hospitalization for heart
failure and for death in patients with symptomatic heart failure. However, trials investigating …

Normal circulatory function is a key determinant of disease-free life expectancy (healthspan).
Indeed, pathologies affecting the cardiovascular system, which are growing in prevalence …

Abstract Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce heart failure events by
direct action on the failing heart that is independent of changes in renal tubular function. In …

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) represents one of the greatest
challenges facing cardiovascular medicine today. Despite being the most common form of …

Introduction Inflammation is a defensive response of the organism to irritation which is
manifested by redness, swelling, heat, pain and dysfunction. The inflammatory response …

The ketone bodies beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate are hepatically produced
metabolites catabolized in extrahepatic organs. Ketone bodies are a critical cardiac fuel and …

Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) constitute a promising drug treatment for
heart failure patients with either preserved or reduced ejection fraction. Whereas SGLT2i …