Background The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a multifaceted hormone with broad
pharmacological potential. Among the numerous metabolic effects of GLP-1 are the glucose …

The incretin hormone Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) is best known for its “incretin effect”
in restoring glucose homeostasis in diabetics, however, it is now apparent that it has a …

The cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) system represents a primary cell-signaling
pathway throughout systems and across species. PKA facilitates the actions of hormones …

The beta-3 adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) is by far the least studied isotype of the beta-
adrenergic sub-family. Despite its study being long hampered by the lack of suitable animal …

Background It is commonly accepted that in obesity free fatty acids (FFA) cause insulin
resistance and hyperglycemia, which drives hyperinsulinemia. However, hyperinsulinemia …

Previous cross-sectional studies have established that circulating osteoprotegerin (OPG)
levels are associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the role of …

Obesity and hypertension are intimately linked due to the various ways that the important
cell types such as vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), endothelial cells (EC), immune …

Chronic alcohol consumption is associated with neurocognitive and memory deficits,
dramatically affecting plasticity and connectivity, with maximal expression as dementia …

GLP-1 analogs are a class of glucose-lowering agents with multiple benefits in diabetes, but
its role in adipose tissues remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine …

The main energy substrate of adult cardiomyocytes for their contractility are the fatty acids. Its
metabolism generates high ATP levels at the expense of high oxygen consumption in the …