Introduction Effective cell-based production processes of virus particles are the foundation
for the global availability of classical vaccines, gene therapeutic vectors, and viral oncolytic …

Mounting data suggest that environmental pollution due to airborne fine particles (AFPs)
increases the occurrence and severity of respiratory virus infection in humans. However, it is …

Secondary bacterial infection following influenza type A virus (IAV) infection is a major cause
of morbidity and mortality during influenza epidemics. Streptococcus pneumoniae has been …

ABSTRACT XIAP-associated factor 1 (XAF1) is an interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene (ISG) that
enhances IFN-induced apoptosis. However, it is unexplored whether XAF1 is essential for …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as the
causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 and is capable of human-to-human …

Background Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) enhances neutrophil responses, but little is
known about the role of ATP in influenza infections. Methods We used a mouse influenza …

It is well-known that thiazole derivatives are usually found in lead structures, which
demonstrate a wide range of pharmacological effects. The aim of this research was to …

The E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM25 is a key factor in the innate immune response to RNA
viruses. TRIM25 has been shown to play a role in the retinoic-acid-inducible gene-1 (RIG-I) …

COVID-19 and influenza both cause enormous disease burdens, and vaccines are the
primary measures for their control. Since these viral diseases are transmitted through the …

Controlling avian influenza viruses (AIVs) is mainly based on culling of the infected bird
flocks or via the implementation of inactivated vaccines in countries where AIVs are …