BACKGROUND The escalating crisis of multidrug resistance is raising fears of untreatable
infections caused by bacterial “superbugs.” However, many patients already suffer from …

Persisters are transiently tolerant variants that allow populations to avoid eradication by
antibiotic treatment. Their antibiotic tolerance is non-genetic, not inheritable and results from …

Controlled experimental evolution during antibiotic treatment can help to explain the
processes leading to antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Recently, intermittent antibiotic …

Antibiotic efficacy can be antagonized by bioactive metabolites and other drugs present at
infection sites. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common cause of biofilm-based infections …

Physiologic and environmental factors can modulate antibiotic activity and thus pose a
significant challenge to antibiotic treatment. The quinolone class of antibiotics, which targets …

Persister cells constitute a small subpopulation of bacteria that display remarkably high
antibiotic tolerance and for pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus are suspected as …

Both, antibiotic persistence and antibiotic resistance characterize phenotypes of survival in
which a bacterial cell becomes insensitive to one (or even) more antibiotic (s). However, the …

The threat of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is increasing worldwide. Bacteria utilize persistence
and resistance to survive antibiotic stress. For a long time, persistence has been studied …

Persister cells are responsible for relapses of infections common in cystic fibrosis and
chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). Yet, there are no Food and Drug Administration …

Itaconic acid (IA), a metabolite generated by the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in eukaryotic
immune cells, and its derivative dimethyl itaconate (DI) exert antibacterial functions in …