Highlights•A subset of NLRs form robust networks of helpers underlying the bulk of NLRs
that function as sensors.•Ancient, conserved RNL helper NLRs are required for some sensor …

Plants are constantly exposed to a wide range of potential pathogens and to protect
themselves, have developed a variety of chemical and physical defense mechanisms …

Activation of nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat receptors (NLRs) results in immunity
and a localized cell death. NLR cell death activity requires oligomerization and in some …

Arabidopsis pathogen effector‐triggered immunity (ETI) is controlled by a family of three
lipase‐like proteins (EDS1, PAD4, and SAG101) and two subfamilies of HET‐S/LOB‐B …

In certain plant hybrids, immunity signaling is initiated when immune components interact in
the absence of a pathogen trigger. In Arabidopsis thaliana, such autoimmunity and cell …

In many plant species, conflicts between divergent elements of the immune system,
especially nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLR), can lead to …

Seaweed extracts are important sources of plant biostimulants that boost agricultural
productivity to meet current world demand. The ability of seaweed extracts based on either …

Different phosphoinositides enriched at the membranes of specific subcellular
compartments within plant cells contribute to organelle identity, ensuring appropriate cellular …

Biotrophic plant pathogenic fungi are among the dreadful pathogens that continuously
threaten the production of economically important crops. The interaction of biotrophic fungal …

Vesicle trafficking is an essential cellular process upon which many physiological processes
of eukaryotic cells rely. It is usually the 'language'of communication among the components …