Computational studies of steelmaking tundish systems date back to early eighties. Two
independent overviews, published, respectively, in 1999 and 2010, summarize a large …

The residence time distribution (RTD) curve is a simple and useful method to analyze the
flow behavior in the tundish. In the last decades, analysis result acquirement based on the …

A novel metallurgy process coupling an annular gas curtain and swirling flow technology at
a tundish upper nozzle (TUN) was developed in this paper. The migration and distribution …

The tundish is the last refractory metallurgical reactor during the continuous casting process,
and the fluid flow in the tundish is one of the key factors to control inclusion collision …

Injection and distribution of argon in a ladle shroud-collector plate nozzle (LS-CN) assembly
have been investigated for three different argon gas delivery designs popularly used in the …

A series of industrial trials of argon injection into ladle shroud (AIILS) with different argon-
blowing rates were conducted in this study. Firstly, bubbles in actual liquid steel of the …

Differential and macroscopic models of argon–steel flows in ladle shroud have been
developed. In this, argon–steel, two-phase flow phenomena have been formulated via a …

Tundish open eye area, ATOE and free liquid-jet length, L jet were experimentally measured
in full-scale water models of bloom and slab casting shroud-tundish systems and to these …

Argon injection in ladle shrouds is customarily practiced during the teeming of liquid steel
from ladle to tundish to minimize air ingression and thereby restrict atmospheric oxidation of …

Gas aspiration through ladle shroud, during the teeming of a ladle into a tundish, has been
investigated via physical and mathematical modeling. To this end, a volume of fluid‐based …