Chronic pain is maintained in part by central sensitization, a phenomenon of synaptic
plasticity, and increased neuronal responsiveness in central pain pathways after painful …

The previous decade has seen a rapid increase in microglial studies on pain, with a unique
focus on microgliosis in the spinal cord after nerve injury and neuropathic pain. Numerous …

Acute nociceptive pain is a key defence system that enables the detection of danger signals
that threaten homeostasis and survival. However, chronic pain (such as the neuropathic …

For a long time, cysteine cathepsins were considered primarily as proteases crucial for
nonspecific bulk proteolysis in the endolysosomal system. However, this view has …

Acute pain is protective and a cardinal feature of inflammation. Chronic pain after arthritis,
nerve injury, cancer, and chemotherapy is associated with chronic neuroinflammation, a …

Chronic pain is a critical clinical problem with an increasing prevalence. However, there are
limited effective prevention measures and treatments for chronic pain. Astrocytes are the …

Interactions between central glial cells and neurons in the pain circuitry are critical
contributors to the pathogenesis of chronic pain. In the central nervous system (CNS), two …

Microglia are brain resident macrophages originated from primitive progenitor cells in the
yolk sac. Microglia can be activated within hours and recruited to the lesion site …

Cysteine cathepsin protease activity is frequently dysregulated in the context of neoplastic
transformation. Increased activity and aberrant localization of proteases within the tumour …

Current analgesics predominately modulate pain transduction and transmission in neurons
and have limited success in controlling disease progression. Accumulating evidence …