Recent advances in the understanding of T cell activation have led to new therapeutic
approaches in the treatment of immunological disorders. One attractive target of intervention …

PD-1 deficiency causes a variety of autoimmune diseases. Inhibitory signaling through the
PD-1 receptor might therefore be involved in the regulation of peripheral tolerance. The …

PD-1 is an immunoinhibitory receptor expressed by activated T cells, B cells, and myeloid
cells. Mice deficient in PD-1 exhibit a breakdown of peripheral tolerance and demonstrate …

PD-1 is a receptor of the Ig superfamily that negatively regulates T cell antigen receptor
signaling by interacting with the specific ligands (PD-L) and is suggested to play a role in the …

Abstract Purpose: B7-H1/PD-L1 (B7-H1) and B7-DC/PD-L2 (B7-DC) are ligands for the
receptor PD-1, which is known to negatively regulate T-cell activation. In the present study …

CTLA-4, a negative regulator of T cell function, was found to associate with the T cell
receptor (TCR) complex ζ chain in primary T cells. The association of TCRζ with CTLA-4 …

Most tumor cells function poorly as antigen-presenting cells in part because they do not
express costimulatory molecules. To provide costimulation to T lymphocytes that recognize …

Positive selection to self-MHC/peptide complexes has long been viewed as a device for
skewing the T cell repertoire toward recognition of foreign peptides presented by self-MHC …

For most autoimmune disorders, the pattern of inheritance is very complex. The major
histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene complex has been implicated as the major genetic …

During T cell activation, the engagement of costimulatory molecules is often crucial to the
development of an effective immune response, but the mechanism by which this is achieved …