Direct-current (DC) microgrids have gained worldwide attention in recent decades due to
their high system efficiency and simple control. In a self-sufficient energy system, voltage …

As the backup power supply of power plants and substations, valve-regulated lead-acid
(VRLA) batteries are the last safety guarantee for the safe and reliable operation of power …

In microgrids, battery energy storage systems can be used in combination with renewable
energy sources as a way to mitigate the adverse effects of the mismatch between renewable …

The rise in the growth of renewables in the distribution network introduces several
challenges, such as voltage & frequency fluctuation, while the digitization of the network …

Energy storage systems (ESS) are indispensable in daily life and have two types that can
offer high energy and high power density. Hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) are …

Electric substations (ESS) are important facilities that must operate even under contingency
to guarantee the electrical system's performance. To achieve this goal, the Brazilian national …

The search for charging electric vehicles using renewable energy sources and ensuring the
stability of the electrical system has been growing. This has led to the development of …

This paper introduces a comprehensive and resilient multi-energy system (MES) designed
for independent planning and real-time implementation. A robust daily coordinated planning …

This paper presents a groundbreaking optimization model for efficient and resilient energy
management in smart microgrids, particularly addressing challenges posed by …

Recently, the increased adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has significantly demanded new
energy storage systems (ESS) technologies. In this way, Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) are the …