Discovery of the Earth's Van Allen radiation belts by instruments flown on Explorer 1 in 1958
was the first major discovery of the Space Age. The observation of distinct inner and outer …

Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) are large-scale heliospheric transients that
originate from the Sun. When an ICME is sufficiently faster than the preceding solar wind, a …

Abstract The twin Van Allen Probe spacecraft, launched in August 2012, carry identical
scientific payloads. The Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science …

Strong enhancements of outer Van Allen belt electrons have been shown to have a clear
dependence on solar wind speed and on the duration of southward interplanetary magnetic …

We review comprehensive observations of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave-
driven energetic electron precipitation using data collected by the energetic electron …

The past decade transformed our observational understanding of energetic particle
processes in near‐Earth space. An unprecedented suite of observational systems was in …

The first major scientific discovery of the Space Age was that the Earth is enshrouded in
toroids, or belts, of very high-energy magnetically trapped charged particles. Early …

In this paper we review recent spacecraft observations of oblique whistler-mode waves in
the Earth's inner magnetosphere as well as the various consequences of the presence of …

Local acceleration driven by whistler‐mode chorus waves is fundamentally important for
accelerating seed electron populations to highly relativistic energies in the outer radiation …

The Earth's diffuse auroral precipitation provides the major source of energy input into the
nightside upper atmosphere and acts as an essential linkage of the magnetosphere …