Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factors (TRAFs) are a family of structurally
related proteins that transduces signals from members of TNFR superfamily and various …

NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) family transcription factors are master regulators of immune
and inflammatory processes in response to both injury and infection. In the latent state, NF …

T cell engineering is a powerful means to rapidly generate anti-tumor T cells. The
costimulatory properties of second-generation chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) determine …

This article is part of a Minifocus on Ubiquitin. For further reading, please see related
articles: ʻUbiquitin and SUMO in DNA repair at a glanceʼ by Helle D. Ulrich (J. Cell Sci …

E3 ligases confer specificity to ubiquitination by recognizing target substrates and mediating
transfer of ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme to substrate. The activity of …

In recent years, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) able to reinvigorate antitumor T-cell immunity
have heralded a paradigm shift in cancer treatment. The most high profile of these mAbs …

The TNF and TNF Receptor Superfamilies: Cell Skip to Main Content Advertisement Cell This
journal offers authors two options (open access or subscription) to publish research This …

NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) is a collective name for inducible dimeric transcription factors
composed of members of the Rel family of DNA-binding proteins that recognize a common …

Malfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) induce cellular stress and activate c-
Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNKs or SAPKs). Mammalian homologs of yeast IRE1, which …

The molecular details of mammalian stress-activated signal transduction pathways have
only begun to be dissected. This, despite the fact that the impact of these pathways on the …