Experiments indicate that selection against aggression in mammals can have multiple
effects on their morphology, physiology, behaviour and psychology, and that these results …

What are the origins of intelligent behavior? The demands associated with living in complex
social groups have been the favored explanation for the evolution of primate cognition in …

Our two closest living primate relatives, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan
paniscus), exhibit significant behavioral differences despite belonging to the same genus …

It has always been difficult to account for the evolution of certain human characters such as
language, empathy, and altruism via individual reproductive success. However, the striatum …

The interface between cognition, emotion, and motivation is thought to be of central
importance in understanding complex cognitive functions such as decision-making and …

The planum temporale (PT) is a critical region of the language functional network in the
human brain showing a striking size asymmetry toward the left hemisphere. Historically …

Humans' closest living relatives are bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan
troglodytes), yet these great ape species differ considerably from each other in terms of …

Chimpanzees are our closest living genomic relatives, but they lack the bipedal locomotion,
markedly enlarged brains, and advanced communication skills of humans. This has led …

Simple Summary Self-directed behaviours (SDBs), such as self-scratching or self-touching,
are commonly used as indicators of stress or poor welfare in animals. However, whether …

Despite decades of research, some of the most basic issues concerning the extraordinarily
complex brains and behavior of birds and mammals, such as the factors responsible for the …