Entangling strands in a well-ordered manner can produce useful effects, from shoelaces and
fishing nets to brown paper packages tied up with strings. At the nanoscale, non-crystalline …

Half a century after Schill and Lüttringhaus carried out the first directed synthesis of a [2]
catenane, a plethora of strategies now exist for the construction of molecular Hopf links …

INTRODUCTION Self-folding of an information-carrying polymer into a compact particle with
defined structure and function (for example, folding of a polypeptide into a protein) is …

The first synthetic molecular trefoil knot was prepared in the late 1980s. However, it is only in
the last few years that more complex small‐molecule knot topologies have been realized …

Network-centered approaches are increasingly used to understand the fundamentals of
biology. However, the molecular details contained in the interaction networks, often …

The paradigmatic disordered protein tau plays an important role in neuronal function and
neurodegenerative diseases. To disentangle the factors controlling the balance between …

Phytochromes are a widespread family of red/far-red responsive photoreceptors first
discovered in plants, where they constitute one of the three main classes of …

Carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2. 1.1) is a protein that is especially well-suited to serve as a
model in many types of studies in biophysics, bioanalysis, the physical-organic chemistry of …

The physical properties and elemental abundances of the interstellar medium in galaxies
during cosmic reionization are important for understanding the role of galaxies in this …

Knots are being discovered with increasing frequency in both biological and synthetic
macromolecules and have been fundamental topological targets for chemical synthesis for …