Sleep is defined on the basis of behavioural and physiological criteria dividing it into two
states: non rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep which is subdivided into three stages (N1 …

Bruxism is a movement disorder characterized by grinding and clenching of teeth. Awake
bruxism is found more in females as compared to males while sleep bruxism shows no such …

The management of bruxism has been the subject of a large number of studies. A PubMed
search, using relevant MeSH terms, yielded a total of 177 papers that were published over …

Background Currently it has been shown that botulinum toxin is effective for a wide variety of
medical conditions, and can be applied for therapeutic purposes as cosmetic. In recent …

Abstract Lee SJ, McCall WD, Jr., Kim YK, Chung SC, Chung JW: Effect of botulinum toxin
injection on nocturnal bruxism: A randomized controlled trial. Objective: To evaluate the …

Objective The objective of the study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature
assessing the effects of botulinum toxin (BoNT-A) injections in the management of bruxism …

Introduction The medical and cosmetic use of botulinum toxin (BTX) is now widespread. With
an increased number of clinicians adopting the use of BTX in the management of …

The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of botulinum toxins on bruxism.
Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase and Science Citation Index), websites (Cochrane …

Background Echoing the sentiments of the Sixty-seventh World Health Assembly of May
2014, mandating the all-inclusive and synchronized efforts for the management of autism …

Aims: Botulinum toxin, the most potent biological toxin, has been shown to be effective for a
variety of disorders in several medical conditions, when used both therapeutically and …