Host cells respond to viral infections by activating immune response genes that are not only
involved in inflammation, but may also predispose cells to cancerous transformation. One …

The human-specific tropism of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) has
complicated the development of a macaque model of HIV-1 infection/AIDS that is suitable for …

Antagonists of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) coreceptor, CCR5, are
being developed as the first anti-HIV agents acting on a host cell target. We monitored the …

Maraviroc is a CCR5 antagonist in clinical development as one of a new class of
antiretrovirals targeting human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) coreceptor binding …

The natural evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection often includes a
switch in coreceptor preference late in infection from CCR5 to CXCR4, a change associated …

Passive immunotherapy against HIV-1 will most likely require broadly neutralizing
antibodies (bnAbs) with maximum breadth and potency to ensure therapeutic efficacy …

ABSTRACT HIV has evolved sophisticated mechanisms to avoid restriction by intracellular
innate immune defenses that otherwise serve to control acute viral infection and virus …

BST2 is an interferon-inducible antiviral host protein antagonized by HIV-1 Vpu that entraps
nascent HIV-1 virions on the cell surface. Unexpectedly, we find that HIV-1 lacking Nef can …

The interferon-inducible antiviral factor BST-2 prevents several enveloped viruses, including
HIV, from escaping infected cells. The HIV protein Vpu antagonizes this host defense. Little …

Maraviroc is a small molecule and a member of a new class of antiretroviral compounds
known as CCR5 antagonists, which block R5-tropic HIV entry into CD4 cells. HIV entry into …