Immune checkpoint inhibitors target the dysfunctional immune system, to induce cancer-cell
killing by CD8-positive T cells. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, specifically anti-CTLA4 and …

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) characterized by the expression of the master transcription factor
forkhead box protein p3 (Foxp3) suppress anticancer immunity, thereby hindering protective …

Single-cell technologies have revealed the complexity of the tumour immune
microenvironment with unparalleled resolution,,,,,,,–. Most clinical strategies rely on …

An inflammatory microenvironment, either conferred by an underlying chronic overt or
smoldering inflammatory condition constitutes a prerequisite and fuel to essentially all …

Abstract Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICBs), in addition to targeting CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-
L1, novel targeting LAG-3 drugs have also been approved in clinical application. With the …

Immunosenescence is a process of immune dysfunction that occurs with age and includes
remodeling of lymphoid organs, leading to changes in the immune function of the elderly …

Most cancers arise in individuals over the age of 60. As the world population is living longer
and reaching older ages, cancer is becoming a substantial public health problem. It is …

Abstract Anti-programmed death (PD)-1 (aPD1) therapy is an effective treatment for
metastatic melanoma (MM); however, over 50% of patients progress due to resistance. We …

Melanoma is an immunogenic cancer with a high response rate to immune checkpoint
inhibitors (ICIs). It harbors a high mutation burden compared with other cancers and, as a …

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) of PD-1 and CTLA-4 to treat metastatic melanoma (MM)
has variable therapeutic benefit. To explore this in peripheral samples, we characterized …