Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors, and develops because of the rapid growth of
the tumor that outstrips the oxygen supply, and impaired blood flow due to the formation of …

Cancer divergence has many facets other than being considered a genetic term. It is a
tremendous challenge to understand the metastasis and therapy response in cancer …

Microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other eukaryotes, play critical roles in
human health. An altered microbiome can be associated with complex diseases …

Tumor cells must generate sufficient ATP and biosynthetic precursors in order to maintain
cell proliferation requirements. Otto Warburg showed that tumor cells uptake high amounts …

Epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) enables cells to interconvert between several
states across the epithelial–mesenchymal landscape, thereby acquiring hybrid epithelial …

Cancer cells are well-known for adapting their metabolism to maintain high proliferation
rates and survive in unfavorable environments with low oxygen and nutritional deficiency …

As the crucial powerhouse for cell metabolism and tissue survival, the mitochondrion
frequently undergoes morphological or positional changes when responding to various …

The tumor microenvironment is proposed to contribute substantially to the progression of
cancers, including breast cancer. Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most …

Increasing evidence indicates that immunotherapy is hindered by a hostile tumor
microenvironment (TME) featured with deprivation of critical nutrients and pooling of …

Metabolic reprogramming enables cancer cell growth, proliferation, and survival. This
reprogramming is driven by the combined actions of oncogenic alterations in cancer cells …