Social media is a more common and powerful platform for communication to share views
about any topic or article, which consequently leads to unstructured toxic, and hateful …

There has been surge in the usage of Internet as well as social media platforms which has
led to rise in online hate speech targeted on individual or group. In the recent years, hate …

Social media applications, such as Twitter and Facebook, allow users to communicate and
share their thoughts, status updates, opinions, photographs, and videos around the globe …

Abstract The realm of Natural Language Processing and Text Mining has seen a surge in
interest from researchers in hate speech detection, leading to an increase in related studies …

With the acceleration of globalization, machine translation (MT) plays an increasingly
prominent role in cross-language communication. However, how to evaluate the quality of …

The widespread use of the Internet and the tremendous growth of social media have
enabled people to connect with each other worldwide. Individuals are free to express …

In the face of escalating cyberbullying and its associated online activities, devising effective
mechanisms for its detection remains a critical challenge. This study proposes an innovative …

Hate speech on online platforms, characterized by discriminatory language targeting
individuals or groups, poses significant harm and necessitates robust detection methods for …

The Internet is currently the largest platform for global communication including expressions
of opinions, reviews, contents, images, videos and so forth. Moreover, social media has now …

In today's digital era, the escalating phenomenon of cyberbullying is a pervasive and
growing concern. With the increasing prevalence of social media platforms, such as Twitter …